FemaleForest

Andover

2005-04-05T17:21:00.000-07:00

Andover's earliest-known

Van De Graaff, Robert Jemison

2005-04-05T14:59:00.000-07:00

After working for a time as an engineer with the Alabama Power Company,

Framed Building

2005-04-04T21:21:00.000-07:00

Structure in which weight is carried by a skeleton or framework, as opposed to being supported by walls. The essential factor in a framed building is the frame's strength. Timber-framed or half-timbered houses were common in medieval Europe. In this type the frame is filled in with wattle and daub or brick. A modern lightweight wood-frame structure, the balloon-frame

Lokoja

2005-04-02T19:54:00.000-08:00

Town and river port, capital of Kogi state, south-central Nigeria, on the west bank of the Niger River opposite the mouth of the Benue River. British merchants established a trading post at the Benue-Niger confluence in the late 1850s; and in 1860 William Balfour Baikie, the Scottish explorer, founded Lokoja. Besides being an important commercial settlement, the site (originally

çanak, Treaty Of

2005-04-02T19:45:00.000-08:00

Implicitly directed

Cracow, Republic Of

2005-04-02T00:38:00.000-08:00

Also called Free City of Cracow , Cracow also spelled Kraków , Polish Krakowska Rzeczpospolita , or Wolne Miasto Kraków tiny state that, for the 31 years of its existence (1815–46), was the only remaining independent portion of Poland. Established by the Congress of Vienna at the conclusion of the Napoleonic Wars (1815), the free Republic of Cracow consisted of the ancient city of Cracow and the territory surrounding it. Containing a population of 95,000, it was placed under the joint protection of Austria, Prussia,

Police, The

2005-04-01T19:11:00.000-08:00

British-American new-wave band that blended reggae, jazz, funk, punk, and world music influences into hook-laden pop-rock. Five best-selling albums, a bevy of hits, and aggressive touring—including stops in countries usually overlooked by Western pop musicians—combined to make the Police the world's most popular band in the early 1980s. The members were Sting (original name

Texas Christian University

2005-04-01T05:18:00.000-08:00

Private, coeducational institution of higher education in Fort Worth, Texas, U.S. It is affiliated with the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ). It grants about 14 undergraduate degrees in more than 80 areas and about 14 graduate degrees in more than 30 fields, including research-oriented doctoral programs and a professional degree in ministry. Texas Christian comprises

Arts, Central Asian, Arctic regions

2005-03-31T04:57:00.000-08:00

In the arctic zone of Central Asia, the prehistoric age extends from the 3rd millennium BC to the arrival of Europeans around AD 1800. Knowledge of the region's arts is still very limited, for it is wholly dependent upon the sculptures produced by Eskimos living on the shores and in the hinterland of Siberia and the Bering Strait. These sculptures are mostly in walrus tusk, though

Police, The

2005-03-30T22:53:00.000-08:00

The company's history traces to 1926, when the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) and several other firms founded the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) to operate a nationwide radio broadcasting network. NBC expanded so rapidly that by 1928 it found itself

Ruwenzori Range

2005-03-30T07:00:00.000-08:00

Lying slightly north of the Equator, the Ruwenzori Range has a maximum breadth of 30 miles (50 km) and extends south-north for 80 miles (130 km) between

Middletown

2005-03-29T23:24:00.000-08:00

Borough (town), Dauphin county, central Pennsylvania, U.S., just southeast of Harrisburg, at the confluence of Swatara Creek and the Susquehanna River. George Fisher settled the site in 1752 and in 1755 laid out the town, which he named Middletown for its location midway between Lancaster and Carlisle. In 1809 Fisher's son, George, laid out another town (Harborton) at the juncture of the

Chronology

2005-03-28T15:55:00.000-08:00

The Christian Era is the era now in general use throughout the world. Its epoch, or commencement, is January 1, 754 AUC (ab urbe condita—“from the foundation of the city [of Rome]”—or anno urbis conditae—“in the year of the foundation of the city”). Christ's birth was at first believed to have occurred on the December 25 immediately preceding. Years are reckoned as before or after the Nativity,

Moravian Church

2005-03-27T18:34:00.000-08:00

Protestant church founded in the 18th century but tracing its origin to the Unitas Fratrum (“Unity of Brethren”) of the 15th-century Hussite movement in Bohemia and Moravia.

Absentee Ownership

2005-03-26T21:39:00.000-08:00

Absentee

Belarusian Language

2005-03-26T10:27:00.000-08:00

Belarusian also spelled Belarusan , older spellings Belorussian and Byelorussian , formerly called White Ruthenian or White Russian (not to be confused with the “White” Russians who fought against the communists after the Russian Revolution of 1917) , Belarusian Belaruskaya mova East Slavic language that is historically the native language of most Belarusians. Many 20th-century governments of Belarus had policies favouring the Russian language, and, as a result, Russian is more widely used in education and public life than Belarusian. Belarusian forms a link between the Russian and Ukrainian languages, since its dialects shade gradually

Taff Vale Case

2005-03-26T07:05:00.000-08:00

(1900–01), in Great Britain, the successful trial of a suit brought by the Taff Vale Railway Company against the Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants (ASRS) in which the courts held that a union could be sued for damages caused by the actions of its officials in industrial disputes. Opposition to the decision did much to spur the growth of the nascent British Labour

Ibn Hazm

2005-03-24T14:36:00.000-08:00

In full Abu Muhammad 'Ali ibn Ahmad ibn Sa'id Ibn Hazm Muslim litterateur, historian, jurist, and theologian of Islamic Spain, famed for his literary productivity, breadth of learning, and mastery of the Arabic language. One of the leading exponents of the Zahiri (Literalist) school of jurisprudence, he produced some 400 works, covering jurisprudence, logic,

Ear Disease, Ménière's disease

2005-03-24T11:15:00.000-08:00

Ménière's disease, also called endolymphatic hydrops, is a fairly common disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear that affects both the vestibular nerve, with resultant attacks of vertigo, and the auditory nerve, with impairment of hearing. It was first described in 1861 by a French physician, Prosper Ménière. It is now known that the symptoms are caused by an excess of

Epistemology, Realism

2005-03-22T23:22:00.000-08:00

The realist believes that

San Cristóbal

2005-03-21T13:42:00.000-08:00

City, capital of Táchira estado (“state”), western Venezuela. Situated in an isolated intermontane basin of the Mérida Mountains, at 2,700 feet (820 m) above sea level, the city occupies three sloping alluvial terraces overlooking the Torbes River. Founded in 1561, it retains a colonial atmosphere despite its being the largest of the cities in the so-called Andean Region of Venezuela.

Oraibi

2005-03-21T01:12:00.000-08:00

Also called Orayvi, or Old Oraibi, Hopi pueblo (village), Navajo county, northeastern Arizona, U.S. The pueblo is situated on the narrow, rocky Third Mesa of the Hopi Indian Reservation. It is the unofficial capital of the reservation and is thought to be the oldest continuously occupied settlement in the United States (from about AD 1150). It lies at an elevation of nearly 6,500 feet (1,980 metres). Oraibi was the site of the San

Campaign Furniture

2005-03-20T21:21:00.000-08:00

Case furniture was usually teak,

Kwangsi, Resources

2005-03-20T19:05:00.000-08:00

The region has sufficient coal and iron deposits to support moderate industrial development. Coal is mined north of Kuei-lin and south of Liu-chou. Iron is mined in the area near the Kwangtung–Hunan border as well as in southeastern Kwangsi. Other exploited mineral resources include tin (of which Kwangsi is a major producer), tungsten, manganese, and antimony. Moderate

Metamorphic Rock, Pyroxene-hornfels facies

2005-03-20T17:00:00.000-08:00

Rocks of the pyroxene-hornfels facies are characteristically formed near larger granitic or gabbroic bodies at depths of a few kilometres or at pressures of a few hundred bars. The mineral assemblages are again largely anhydrous, but, unlike the sanidinite facies, the minerals reflect distinctly lower temperatures. One of the classic descriptions of such rocks

Johnson, Samuel

2005-03-19T07:17:00.000-08:00

Samuel Johnson was the son of Michael Johnson, a bookseller, and his wife, Sarah. From childhood he suffered from a number of physical afflictions and could have spoken, as had the 18th-century English poet Alexander Pope, of “this long disease my life.” By his own account, he was born “almost dead,” and he early contracted scrofula (tuberculosis of the lymphatic glands). Because

Spalding, Henry Harmon

2005-03-18T14:52:00.000-08:00

Spalding was educated at Plattsbury (N.Y.) Academy, Western Reserve College (Ohio), and Lane Theological Seminary (Cincinnati) and was ordained in the Presbyterian ministry

Kammatthana

2005-03-17T10:59:00.000-08:00

Sanskrit Karmasthana in Theravada Buddhist tradition, one of the objects of mental concentration or a stage of meditation employing it. According to Visuddhi-magga (a 5th-century CE Pali text by Buddhaghosa), there are 40 kammatthanas; an individual should choose the object of mental concentration that is in accordance with his own character or inclination. Each type of disposition has its

Lettow-vorbeck, Paul Von

2005-03-17T08:52:00.000-08:00

A member of the South West Colonial

Zircon

2005-03-16T10:10:00.000-08:00

Silicate mineral, zirconium silicate, ZrSiO4, the principal source of zirconium. Zircon is widespread as an accessory mineral in acid igneous rocks; it also occurs in metamorphic rocks and, fairly often, in detrital deposits. It occurs in beach sands in many parts of the world, particularly Australia, India, Brazil, and Florida, and is a common heavy mineral in sedimentary

Itaya Hazan

2005-03-16T06:32:00.000-08:00

After studying sculpture at the Tokyo Fine Arts School, Itaya graduated in 1894 and then studied ceramics, building a kiln in Tokyo in 1904. In 1953 he received the Bunka Kunsho (“Order of Culture”). Itaya's most famous works include a pot decorated with flowers in bright glaze

Tigris-euphrates River System, Agriculture and irrigation

2005-03-16T03:35:00.000-08:00

The rivers are high at the wrong time of year for most crops (except rice), so that cultivation by direct inundation generally cannot be practiced. The initiation of massive irrigation projects in Turkey heralds unprecedented change for the piedmont area of southeastern Anatolia. Historically, the agriculture of this zone, as well as of northern Iraq and Syria, has

Frelinghuysen, Frederick Theodore

2005-03-14T16:43:00.000-08:00

Frelinghuysen was born into a family that had long been prominent in politics. Left an orphan at the age of three, he was adopted by his uncle, Theodore Frelinghuysen. He graduated from Rutgers College in 1836, studied law in his uncle's law office,

Belasco, David

2005-03-14T13:31:00.000-08:00

As a child actor, Belasco appeared with Charles Kean in Richard III and later played in stock companies touring the mining camps. During

Industrial Bank Of Japan

2005-03-13T19:13:00.000-08:00

Japanese Nippon Kogyo Ginko former Japanese commercial bank that operated a general-banking and foreign-exchange business with branches in Japan and overseas. Established in 1902, the bank had specialized in medium- and long-term financing of industrial development, and both its main office and its foreign branches were active in the foreign-exchange markets. In September 2000, Industrial Bank of

'alawite

2005-03-13T17:57:00.000-08:00

The roots of 'Alawism lie in the teachings of Muhammad ibn Nusayr an-Namiri (fl. 850), a Basran contemporary of the 10th Shi'ite imam, and the sect was chiefly established by Husayn ibn Hamdan al-Khasibi (d. 957 or 968) during the period of the Hamdanid dynasty (905–1004), at which time the 'Alawites had great influence in Aleppo. With the fall of

Biblical Literature, The Geneva Bible

2005-03-13T10:05:00.000-08:00

The brief efflorescence of the Protestant movement during the short reign of Edward VI (1547–53) saw the reissue of the Scriptures, but no fresh attempts at revision. The repressive rule of Edward's successor, Mary, a Roman Catholic, put an end to the printing of Bibles in England for several years. Their public reading was proscribed and their presence in the churches

Dzerzhinsky, Feliks Edmundovich

2005-03-12T19:38:00.000-08:00

Son of a Polish nobleman, Dzerzhinsky joined the Kaunas (Kovno) organization of the Lithuanian Social Democratic Party in 1895. He became a party organizer, and, although he was arrested by

Ueno Zoological Garden

2005-03-12T08:25:00.000-08:00

Japanese Ueno Dobutsuen, oldest and most famous zoological garden in Japan. It was founded in 1882, and its administration was transferred to the Tokyo city government in 1924. Occupying a 32-acre (13-hectare) site in the Ueno district of Tokyo, it is landscaped in traditional Japanese style. The zoo saw much damage in World War II but was rebuilt within 10 years, mainly along prewar lines. A modernization program

Bar Code

2005-03-10T21:19:00.000-08:00

A printed series of parallel bars or lines of varying width that is used for entering data into a computer system. The bars are typically black on a white background, and their width and quantity vary according to application. The bars are used to represent the binary digits 0 and 1, sequences of which in turn can represent numbers from 0 to 9 and be processed by a digital computer.

Capital

2005-03-10T09:01:00.000-08:00

Capital may be so broadly defined as to include all possible material, nonmaterial, and human inputs into a productive system, but it is usually more useful to confine the

Parima Mountains

2005-03-10T02:37:00.000-08:00

Headstreams of the Orinoco River rise on the western flanks, and headstreams of the Branco

Handlin, Oscar

2005-03-10T01:45:00.000-08:00

The son of Jewish immigrant parents, Handlin graduated from Brooklyn College in 1934 and earned his M.A. degree from Harvard University in 1935. He then taught history at Brooklyn College (1936–38) and joined the history faculty at Harvard in

Kashmir, Vale Of

2005-03-09T06:28:00.000-08:00

Scenic intermontane valley between the main Himalayan ranges (northeast) and the Pir Panjal Range (southwest), in northwestern India. The valley is an ancient lake basin 85 mi (140 km) long, 20 mi wide, and 5,300 ft (1,620 m) high. Drained by the upper Jhelum River, the valley is lined by 12,000–16,000-ft-high mountains that help shelter it from the wet southwest monsoon. It is the centre of population for the Kashmir

Antarctica, The heroic era of exploration

2005-03-08T13:52:00.000-08:00

During the first two decades of the 20th century, commonly called the “heroic era” of Antarctic exploration, great advances were made in not only geographic but also scientific knowledge of the continent. The Englishmen Robert F. Scott and Ernest Henry Shackleton led three expeditions between 1901 and 1913, pioneering routes into the interior and making important geologic,

Epistemology, Skepticism

2005-03-08T10:51:00.000-08:00

Many philosophers past and present and many nonphilosophers who are studying philosophy for the first time have been struck by the seemingly indecisive nature of philosophical argumentation. For every argument, there seems to be a counterargument; and for every position, a counterposition. To a considerable extent skepticism is born of such reflection. Some

Bytom

2005-03-08T02:03:00.000-08:00

German Beuthen, city, Katowice województwo (province), southwestern Poland. It is one of the oldest and largest industrial cities in the Upper Silesia coal region. Bytom's origins were in the 11th century under the rule of King Boleslaw I the Brave. In the 12th century, lead and silver mines provided its earliest economic base. The town was held by Silesia in the 12th century, and for several centuries

Nicholas I

2005-03-06T11:43:00.000-08:00

A close associate of the controversial patriarch Photius of Constantinople, Nicholas began his career in the

Ocaña

2005-03-06T02:58:00.000-08:00

City, Norte de Santander departamento, northern Colombia, in the Hacarí valley. Founded (c. 1570) as Nueva Madrid by Francisco Fernández, the city was renamed for Ocaña in New Castile, Spain. An independence convention that was held there in 1828 is commemorated by a triumphal arch. Barium mining and onion growing are basic economic activities. Ocaña is the superior court of a judicial

Roux, émile

2005-03-05T13:45:00.000-08:00

Roux began his medical studies at the University of Clermont-Ferrand. In 1878 he was accepted into Pasteur's laboratory at the University of Paris and spent 10 years there, completing

Merapi, Mount

2005-03-05T11:28:00.000-08:00

Indonesian Gunung Merapi volcanic mountain peak located near the centre of the island of Java, Indonesia. The volcano is about 20 miles (32 km) north of Yogyakarta and somewhat farther south of Semarang. Merapi (“Mountain of Fire”) rises to 9,551 feet (2,911 m) and has steep slopes with dense vegetation on its lower flanks. It is the most active of Indonesia's 130 active volcanoes. One of its largest eruptions occurred

Thompson, Francis

2005-03-05T10:27:00.000-08:00

Thompson was educated in the Roman Catholic faith at Ushaw College, a seminary in the north of England. He studied medicine at Manchester, but not conscientiously, and went to London to seek a

Morales, Luis De

2005-03-04T08:04:00.000-08:00

Morales may have studied with the Flemish painter Hernando

Yale, Linus

2005-03-03T23:30:00.000-08:00

At first Yale tried portrait painting, but he became interested in locks after his father began to manufacture bank locks in Newport, N.Y., about 1840. His first achievement was the Yale Infallible Bank Lock in 1851. Later he opened his own shop in Shelburne

Bendix, Vincent

2005-03-03T15:10:00.000-08:00

At the age of 16, Bendix ran away from home to New York City, where he studied engineering at night school. In 1907 he organized the Bendix Company of Chicago and produced more than 7,000 automobiles before the company failed in 1909. He developed the

Wairakite

2005-03-03T09:13:00.000-08:00

Hydrated calcium aluminosilicate mineral present in hot-spring deposits, notably those at Wairakei, New Zealand, and Onikobe, Japan. Like analcite, wairakite has been assigned to two mineral families: it is regarded as a feldspathoid because of its chemical properties, molecular structure, and mode of formation but as a zeolite because of its ion-exchange and reversible

Fruit

2005-03-02T18:52:00.000-08:00

In its strict botanical sense, the fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a plant, enclosing the seed or seeds. Thus, apricots, bananas, and grapes, as well as bean pods, corn grains, tomatoes, cucumbers, and (in their shells) acorns and almonds, are all technically fruits. Popularly, however, the term is restricted to the ripened ovaries that are sweet and either succulent or pulpy. The

Thomas, Albert

2005-03-02T10:57:00.000-08:00

Thomas graduated from the prestigious École Normale Supérieure in Paris, where he won scholarships that enabled him to do research in Russia, Germany, and the eastern Mediterranean on the

Spanish Treasure Fleet

2005-03-01T18:49:00.000-08:00

Beginning in the 1560s, shipping between Spain and the Americas was organized on a regular basis. Two fleets of between 30 and 90 vessels sailed from Seville to

Tureen

2005-03-01T00:59:00.000-08:00

Covered container, sometimes made to rest on a stand or dish, from which liquids, generally soup or sauce, are served at table. The earliest silver and pottery examples, dating from the early 18th century, were called terrines or terrenes (from Latin terra, “earth”), which suggests a pottery origin for the form. Most tureens are crafted in a bowl-like shape that has been influenced

Bon

2005-02-28T04:50:00.000-08:00

The original features of Bon seem to have been largely magic-related; they concerned the propitiation of demonic forces and included the practice of blood sacrifices. Later, there is evidence

Argentaffin Cell

2005-02-28T01:46:00.000-08:00

One of the round or partly flattened cells occurring in the lining tissue of the digestive tract and containing granules thought to be of secretory function. These epithelial cells, though common throughout the digestive tract, are most concentrated in the small intestine and appendix. The cells locate randomly within the mucous membrane lining of the intestine

Alcaic

2005-02-27T05:52:00.000-08:00

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Drummond (of Hawthornden), William

2005-02-26T18:54:00.000-08:00

Drummond studied at Edinburgh and spent a few years in France, ostensibly studying law at Bourges and Paris. On the death of his father, first laird

Du Toit, Jakob Daniel

2005-02-25T00:46:00.000-08:00

Du Toit was educated in Pretoria, Rustenburg, and Daljosafat, studied at the theological seminary at Burgesdorp, and passed his final

Midas

2005-02-24T21:18:00.000-08:00

According to the myth, Midas captured Silenus, the

Jñanadeva

2005-02-23T19:53:00.000-08:00

Jñanadeva was a founder of the devotional school of mysticism known as Varakari (“Pilgrim”), so called because of the emphasis it places on pilgrimages to the shrine of Vitthala (or Vithoba, a local

Paella

2005-02-23T05:36:00.000-08:00

In Spanish cuisine, a dish of saffron-flavoured rice cooked with meats, seafood, and vegetables. Originating in the rice-growing areas on Spain's Mediterranean coast, the dish is especially associated with the region of Valencia. Paella takes its name from the paellera, the utensil in which it is cooked, a flat round pan with two handles; paella is traditionally eaten

Kagamigahara

2005-02-23T01:44:00.000-08:00

City, Gifu ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, east of Gifu city. Upon the Meiji Restoration in 1868, an army base was established in the city. It was taken over by the U.S. Army after World War II and is now used by the Japanese Air Self-Defense Force. The city contains aircraft and transport equipment factories and textile mills. It is included in the Chukyo Industrial Region. Pop. (1989 est.)

Pyrrhotite

2005-02-23T01:34:00.000-08:00

Iron sulfide mineral (Fe1–xS) in the niccolite group; in it, the ratio of iron to sulfur atoms is variable but is usually slightly less than one. It commonly is found with pentlandite and other sulfides in silica-poor igneous rocks, as at Kongsberg, Nor.; Andreas-Berg, Ger.; Trentino, Italy; and Sudbury, Ont. The variety troilite, with a composition near that of iron sulfide (FeS), is

China, Muslim rebellions

2005-02-22T07:01:00.000-08:00

Muslim rebellions in Yunnan and in Shensi and Kansu originated from clashes between the Chinese and Muslims in those provinces. Religious antipathy must be taken into account, but more important were the social and political factors. In the frontier provinces the late dynastic confusions were felt as keenly as elsewhere, which aggravated the problems between

Hardie, J(ames) Keir

2005-02-22T06:52:00.000-08:00

British labour leader, first to represent the workingman in Parliament as an Independent (1892) and first to lead the Labour Party in the House of Commons (1906). A dedicated socialist, he was also an outspoken pacifist (from the time of the South African, or Boer, War, 1899–1902) and the chief adviser (from 1903) to the militant suffragists headed by Emmeline

Ibn Miskawayh

2005-02-21T17:27:00.000-08:00

Little is known of Ibn Miskawayh's personal life. It is believed he converted to Islam from Zoroastrianism, the religion of pre-Islamic Iran. His interests included alchemy and

Liechtenstein

2005-02-20T14:39:00.000-08:00

In late October the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg, France, ruled that Prince Hans Adam

Biblical Literature, The Ketuvim

2005-02-20T05:23:00.000-08:00

That the formation of the Ketuvim as a corpus was not completed until a very late date is evidenced by the absence of a fixed name, or indeed any real name, for the third division of Scripture. Ben Sira refers to “the other books of our fathers,” “the rest of the books”; Philo speaks simply of “other writings” and Josephus of “the remaining books.” A widespread practice of entitling

Ossory

2005-02-20T03:43:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Osraighe, an ancient kingdom of Ireland that won for itself a semi-independent position as a state within the kingdom of Leinster, probably in the 1st century AD. In the 9th century it was ruled by an able king, Cerball, who allied himself with the Norse invaders and figured in later centuries as an ancestor of some important families in Iceland. When surnames were introduced, the dynasts

Protein, Protamines and histones

2005-02-19T22:00:00.000-08:00

Protamines are found in the sperm cells of fish. The most thoroughly investigated protamines are salmine from salmon sperm and clupeine from herring sperm. The protamines are bound to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), forming nucleoprotamines. The amino acid composition of the protamines is simple; they contain, in addition to large amounts of arginine, small amounts

United Arab Emirates

2005-02-19T19:00:00.000-08:00

The union's economy is dominated by the petroleum produced in the Abu Dhabi and Dubayy emirates; it is estimated that reserves in Abu Dhabi will last until about the end of the 21st century, while those in Dubayy probably will run out sooner. The richest of the emirates, Abu Dhabi, contains nearly one-tenth of the world's oil reserves and contributes more than half of the

Niccolite

2005-02-18T13:38:00.000-08:00

An ore mineral of nickel, nickel arsenide (NiAs). It is commonly found associated with other nickel arsenides and sulfides, as in the Natsume nickel deposits, Japan; Andreas-Berg, Ger.; Sudbury, Ont.; and Silver Cliff, Colo. Niccolite is classified in a group of sulfide minerals that exhibit a characteristic hexagonal structure. The name, a derivative of the German word Kupfernickel,

Abc

2005-02-18T13:01:00.000-08:00

Tabloid daily newspaper published in Madrid and long regarded as one of Spain's leading papers. It was founded as a weekly in 1903 by a distinguished journalist, Torcuato Luca de Tena y Alvarez-Ossorio, who later (1929) was made the Marqués de Luca de Tena by King Alfonso XIII in recognition of his accomplishments with ABC. The paper became a daily in 1905 and after 1929 published a Seville

Rabemananjara, Jacques

2005-02-17T17:04:00.000-08:00

Rabemananjara began writing in the early 1940s and published his first volume of verse, Sur les marches du soir (“On the Edges of Evening”), in 1942. A death sentence imposed on him for his alleged participation in the 1947 revolt in Madagascar embittered him, despite a later reprieve, and the poems of Antidote, written

Wild Flower

2005-02-17T15:36:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Wildflower, any flowering plant growing without intentional human aid. Wild flowers are the source of all cultivated garden varieties of flowers. Although most wild flowers are native to the region in which they occur, some are the descendants of flowering plants introduced from other lands. The bright flowers characteristic of the Hawaiian Islands, for example, are nearly

John (iv)

2005-02-16T13:54:00.000-08:00

At first, John of Montfort had recognized John III's designation of Charles of Blois (nephew of King Philip VI of France) as the successor; but then John of Montfort reneged, had himself crowned at a convocation of bishops and lords at Nantes,

Beals, Jessie Tarbox

2005-02-15T07:58:00.000-08:00

Jessie Tarbox moved to Williamsburg, Massachusetts, at age 18 to make her living as a schoolteacher. After nearly 10 years of teaching, she quit and devoted herself to photography, which she had been exploring in

Iron-deficiency Anemia

2005-02-15T07:56:00.001-08:00

Most frequent type of anemia, which may develop when the body's iron loss is high and its iron stores are depleted (e.g., during periods of rapid growth, pregnancy, or menstruation or other sources of chronic blood loss) or when a person's dietary iron intake is low or his assimilation of iron is inefficient (e.g., starvation, intestinal parasite infestation, removal of part

Xyz Affair

2005-02-15T07:56:00.000-08:00

Diplomatic incident that, when made public in 1798, nearly involved the United States and France in war. Pres. John Adams dispatched three ministers to France in 1797 to negotiate a commercial agreement to protect U.S. shipping. In Paris the ministers were approached by three French agents who suggested a bribe of $250,000 to Talleyrand, the French foreign minister, and a loan of $10,000,000 to France

Mole

2005-02-14T02:58:00.000-08:00

The mole designates an extremely large number of units, 6.0221367 ´ 1023, which is the number of atoms determined experimentally to be found in 12 grams of carbon-12. Carbon-12 was chosen arbitrarily to serve as the reference standard of the

Feline Distemper

2005-02-13T18:56:00.000-08:00

Also called Panleukopenia, or Infectious Enteritis, viral disease of cats, kittens two to six months old being most susceptible. About 3 to 10 days after exposure to the disease, infected kittens cough and sneeze, have running eyes and nose, are feverish, lose their appetites, vomit, and have diarrhea. The number of white cells in the blood drops severely. The disease rarely lasts more than a week, but the mortality rate is high.

Sea People

2005-02-13T18:48:00.000-08:00

Any of the groups of aggressive seafarers who invaded eastern Anatolia, Syria, Palestine, Cyprus, and Egypt toward the end of the Bronze Age, especially in the 13th century BC. They are held responsible for the destruction of old powers such as the Hittite Empire. Because of the abrupt break in ancient Near Eastern records as a result of the invasions, the precise extent and

Coldstream

2005-02-13T06:45:00.000-08:00

Small burgh (town) in the Scottish Borders council area, historic county of Berwickshire, Scotland. It is situated at a fording place on the River Tweed on the border with England. Flodden, a battlefield (1513) where the Scots were badly defeated by the English, lies 6 miles (10 km) southeast, in England. Coldstream is associated with the famous British Coldstream Guards regiment;

Gumbo

2005-02-12T17:24:00.000-08:00

A gumbo begins with a roux, a mixture of fat and flour slowly browned over low heat. To this base are

Nagappattinam

2005-02-12T06:53:00.000-08:00

Formerly Negapattam, port city, east-central Tamil Nadu state, southeastern India, on the Bay of Bengal. An ancient port known to have traded with Europe in Greek and Roman times, it became a Portuguese and later a Dutch colony. Its influence declined with the growth of Madras, 250 miles (400 km) north. Its industry includes ship repair, fishing, steel rolling, and the manufacture of metal goods. Pop. (1991 prelim.)

Epidemiology

2005-02-11T06:06:00.000-08:00

Branch of medical science that studies the distribution of disease in human populations and the factors determining that distribution, chiefly by the use of statistics. Unlike other medical disciplines, epidemiology concerns itself with groups of people rather than individual patients and is frequently retrospective, or historical, in nature. It developed

Oakland

2005-02-10T16:28:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1873) of Alameda county, California, U.S., on the eastern shore of the San Francisco Bay. Its site was once part of Rancho San Antonio, where Moses Chase leased farmland and laid out the town of Clinton (later named Brooklyn). In 1851 Horace W. Carpentier started a transbay ferry service to San Francisco and acquired a town site (1852) to the west of Brooklyn, naming it Oakland for the

Biblical Literature, The role of Samson

2005-02-10T15:32:00.000-08:00

The exploits of the great Israelite strongman judge, Samson (a member of the tribe of Dan), are related in chapters 13–16. Dedicated from birth by his mother to Yahweh, Samson became a member of the Nazirites, an anti-Canaanite reform movement. As a Nazirite, he was required never to cut his hair, drink wine, or eat ritually unclean food. He married a Philistine woman whom he then

Bas-relief

2005-02-10T06:57:00.000-08:00

Sculptural relief in which the projection from the surrounding surface is slight (see photograph). See relief.

Race, The persistence of race

2005-02-09T17:23:00.000-08:00

Race also continues to be the focus of discourse on specific topics. Among these are IQ, as in Steven Jay Gould, The Mismeasure of Man (1981); Mark Snyderman and Stanley Rothman, The IQ Controversy: The Media and Public Policy (1988); and Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray, The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life (1994); and sports, as in John Hoberman, Darwin's Athletes: How Sport Has Damaged Black America and Preserved the Myth of Race (1997); and Jon Entine, Taboo: Why Black Athletes Dominate Sports and Why We Are Afraid to Talk About It (2000).

Chronology

2005-02-07T22:11:00.000-08:00

Chinese legendary history can be traced back to 2697 BC, the first year of Huang Ti (Chinese: Yellow Emperor), who was followed by many successors and by the three dynasties, the Hsia, the Shang, and the Chou. Recent archaeological findings, however, have established an authentic chronology beginning with the Shang dynasty, though the exact date of its end remains a controversial

Breconian Stage

2005-02-07T03:55:00.000-08:00

Division of the Old Red Sandstone of the Devonian Period in western Europe (the Devonian Period began about 395,000,000 years ago and lasted about 50,000,000 years); the Breconian Stage follows the Dittonian and precedes the Farlovian Stage. It was named for exposures studied at the Brecon Beacons in southern Wales. The rocks of the Breconian consist of red, gray, and green sandstones in

Acrobatics

2005-02-06T20:18:00.000-08:00

In 1859 the invention of the flying trapeze by J. Léotard, as well as Charles Blondin's crossing of Niagara Falls on a tightrope, rekindled

FemaleForest

Andover

Van De Graaff, Robert Jemison

Framed Building

Lokoja

çanak, Treaty Of

Cracow, Republic Of

Police, The

Texas Christian University

Arts, Central Asian, Arctic regions

Police, The

Ruwenzori Range

Middletown

Chronology

Moravian Church

Absentee Ownership

Belarusian Language

Taff Vale Case

Ibn Hazm

Ear Disease, Ménière's disease

Epistemology, Realism

San Cristóbal

Oraibi

Campaign Furniture

Kwangsi, Resources

Metamorphic Rock, Pyroxene-hornfels facies

Johnson, Samuel

Spalding, Henry Harmon

Kammatthana

Lettow-vorbeck, Paul Von

Zircon

Itaya Hazan

Tigris-euphrates River System, Agriculture and irrigation

Frelinghuysen, Frederick Theodore

Belasco, David

Industrial Bank Of Japan

'alawite

Biblical Literature, The Geneva Bible

Dzerzhinsky, Feliks Edmundovich

Ueno Zoological Garden

Bar Code

Capital

Parima Mountains

Handlin, Oscar

Kashmir, Vale Of

Antarctica, The heroic era of exploration

Epistemology, Skepticism

Bytom

Nicholas I

Ocaña

Roux, émile

Merapi, Mount

Thompson, Francis

Morales, Luis De

Yale, Linus

Bendix, Vincent

Wairakite

Fruit

Thomas, Albert

Spanish Treasure Fleet

Tureen

Bon

Argentaffin Cell

Alcaic

Drummond (of Hawthornden), William

Du Toit, Jakob Daniel

Midas

Jñanadeva

Paella

Kagamigahara

Pyrrhotite

China, Muslim rebellions

Hardie, J(ames) Keir

Ibn Miskawayh

Liechtenstein

Biblical Literature, The Ketuvim

Ossory

Protein, Protamines and histones

United Arab Emirates

Niccolite

Antarctica, The heroic era of exploration

Race, The persistence of race